INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS    

3 basic verb forms:        V-ING.   Gerund or Present Participle.

TO-INF. Infinitive  ( with "to" )

INF.       Infinitive ( without "to" )

USES OF THE GERUND: (V-ING)

1.- The gerund is used as a noun:

         Smoking is bad for your health.                                                                      

         Her hobby is painting.

2.- It´s used  after prepositions:

          Touch your toes without bending your knees.

           After swimming I felt cold.

           He is thinking of NOT going abroad.

3.- After verbs such as:

LIKE, DISLIKE, HATE, LOVE, ENJOY   PRACTISE, MISS

MIND, AVOID, ADMIT, SUGGEST

4.-  After certain idiomatic expressions:  

CAN´T HELP (non poder evitar)

CAN´T STAND (non poder soportar, aturar)

CAN´T BEAR (non poder soportar)

FEEL LIKE (apetecer)

GO +ing (para actividades de recreo): Go hiking/ dancing.

IT´S ( NOT ) WORTH sightseeing ( non merecer a pena)

LOOK FORWARD TO (desexar)

PREFER+gerund TO+gerund (preferir__________ a __________)

NEED (en sentido pasivo): Your car needs cleaning.

                       It´s no worth wasting your time.

                        I´ m looking forward to hearing from you.

                       I prefer going out to staying here.

USES OF TO-INFINITIVE

1.- Infinitive of purpose.

      Why did you go out? To post a letter.

      We shouted to warn them of the danger.

   

2.- Verbs with to-infinitive.

AGREE             MANAGE          HOPE             AFFORD

DECIDE            LEARN             OFFER

PROMISE          SEEM              WANT

    I hope to pass my exams.

    We decided not to go to Paris.

3.-  Verb +( Complement ) + TO-INF.

WANT              HELP                 INVITE                   WOULD LIKE

ASK                 TELL                  WARN                   WOULD PREFER

ADVISE            EXPECT            REMIND                ENCOURAGE

         She wanted to stay instead of going.

         She wanted me to stay.

4.- TO-INF with some constructions.

   

    4.1.- Pronoun/noun + to-infinitive:

            We have some homework / something to do.

   

    4.2.- Too + adjective + to-infinitive:

            This is too hot to drink.

       

    4.3.- Enough + noun + to-infinitive:

            There is enough water for everybody to drink.

   

     4.4.- Adjective/adverb + enough + to-infinitive.

             This boy is old enough to watch this film.

5.- Verbs followed by a gerund or infinitive.

     

USES OF THE BARE INFINITIVE (INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO).

1.- Modal verbs (except : have to / ought to / need)

2,. MAKE: They made me pay.

3.- LET: Let me go!

4.- WOULD RATHER:I would rather go than stay. (prefer)

5.- HAD BETTER: you had better study English .(advise).

Gerund or Infinitive – Fill in the correct form.
 1. Mary enjoys ___________________ to music. (listen)
2. I don’t mind ___________________ the washing up. (do)
3. Irregular verbs are not easy ___________________ . (remember)
4. Mathew is really good at ___________________ . (cook)
5. She waited ___________________ a movie ticket. (buy)
6. The doctor encouraged his patients ___________________ healthy food. (eat)
7. My flat is easy ___________________ . (find)
8. She is interested in ___________________ a doctor. (become)
9. He is saving money ___________________ a new car. (buy)
 10. When I met her I couldn’t help ___________________ her. (hug)
11. My favorite hobby is ___________________ . (cook)
12. My father helped me ___________________ my homework. (do)
 13. I’m sick of ___________________ hamburgers every day. (eat)
14. It is important ___________________ the net for more information. (surf)
 15. She advised me ___________________ a doctor as soon as possible. (see)
16. I don’t feel like ___________________ English today. (study)
17. Isabel got Mike ___________________ her car (wash)
18. ___________________ sport every day is good for your health. (do)
19. At last they decided ___________________ the apartment. (rent)
20. I pretended ___________________ asleep. (be)
 21. Sheila stopped ___________________ hello to her friends. (say)
22. It’s no use ___________________ over spilt milk. (cry)
23. The following questions are easy ___________________ . (answer)
24. She told us where ___________________ the necessary material. (find)
 25. Would you mind ___________________ this letter for me? (post)
26. They suggested ___________________ by bus. (travel)
 27. We plan ___________________ to Europe this summer(go)
 28. It was hard for her ___________________ smoking. (quit)
 29. We were all happy about ___________________ the New Year in Vienna. (celebrate)
30. It seems difficult ___________________ everything about the topic. (know)
31. Just avoid ___________________ unnecessary mistakes. (make)
32. Can you imagine ___________________ my car before we leave? (finish)
33. We are used ___________________ up early in the morning. (get)
34. She enjoys ___________________ . (paint)
35. I forgot ___________________ the door when I left. (lock)
 36. I regret ___________________ you that your application was rejected. (inform)
37. We intend ___________________ you next spring. (visit)
 38. I decided ___________________ more often. (exercise)
 39. Mary keeps ___________________ about her problems. (talk)
 40. Ireland doesn’t allow ___________________ in bars. (smoke)
 41. Nancy seemed ___________________ disappointed. (be)
42. I can’t bear ___________________ so much responsibility. (have)
43. She is fond of ___________________ picnics. (have)
44. She promised ___________________ smoking. (stop)
 45. They urge their citizens ___________________ more waste. (recycle)
46. John is thinking about ___________________ abroad. (study)
47. She considered ___________________ to New York. (move)
48. The aquarium needs ___________________ . (clean)
49. Tom agrees ___________________ me. (help)
50. She warned him ___________________ late. (not be)